煅 (duàn) - To forge, smelt, or calcine (in metallurgy or & to temper or refine through heating process.

煅Tone 4

duàn ｜ 13 strokes ｜ radical:

丁恩

煅 · duàn

To forge, smelt, or calcine (in metallurgy or alchemy);

to temper or refine through heating process.

To forge, smelt, or calcine (in metallurgy orto temper or refine through heating process.

Usage highlights

To forge ironTo calcineTo temper/refine through practiceCalcined gypsumForging workshopTo forge metal

Synonyms

  • 锻— to forge, hammer
  • 炼— to smelt, refine
  • 烧— to burn, fire

Antonyms

  • 冷— cold (opposite of heating process)
  • 凝— to congeal, solidify without heat

Usage & contexts

Examples

  • The blacksmith forged the iron (煅铁).
  • Calcined gypsum is used in plaster (煅石膏).
  • He practiced martial arts to temper his body (煅炼身体).
  • The alchemist calcined minerals in the furnace (在炉中煅烧矿物).

Collocations

  • To forge iron(煅铁)
  • To calcine(煅烧)
  • To temper/refine through practice(煅炼)
  • Calcined gypsum(煅石膏)
  • Forging workshop(煅工场)
  • To forge metal(煅金)

Idioms

  • Temper oneself through hardship(千锤百炼)
  • Forged in battle(久经战火煅炼)

Cultural background

FAQ
  • Historically associated with metallurgy and blacksmithing traditions in China.
  • Used in traditional Chinese alchemy and medicine for processing minerals.
  • Metaphorically extends to self-cultivation and character building through discipline.

FAQ